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What do scientists do with ultrasound?

Update time:2020-05-23 11:15:39Clicks:3824
It has become a trend for pregnant women to post pictures of themselves on social media. So the B that every pregnant mother wants to contact is supersonic, what principle is?
It has become a trend for pregnant women to post pictures of themselves on social media. So the B that every pregnant mother wants to contact is supersonic, what principle is? Why can B exceed the baby that can see belly inside? This needs to introduce the hero behind first - ultrasound.

What is ultrasound

Ultrasound is a sound wave with a frequency above 20,000 Hertz that is usually inaudible to the human ear. Ultrasonic wave has good directionality, strong penetration ability, easy to obtain concentrated acoustic energy, in the water propagation distance. Because of these characteristics, ultrasound is widely used in daily life, can be used for ranging, speed measurement, cleaning, welding, gravel, sterilization and disinfection.

Ultrasonic products must have been used, such as going to the hospital to clean teeth, to the eyeglasses shop to wash glasses, physical examination when doing B super. Did you find that ultrasound is still very powerful?

Come to the lab and see the wonderful use of ultrasound

At the ultrasonic technology center of the institute of acoustics of the Chinese academy of sciences, nearly 100 researchers are working on ultrasound-related problems every day.

The predecessor of the ultrasonic technology center was the supersonic room founded by academician ying chongfu, a famous physicist and educator in China. Currently, there are five research directions, which are detection acoustics and nondestructive testing of Marine equipment, solid acoustics and deep ocean drilling, microacoustics and microdevices, medical acoustics, computational acoustics and applications of sound energy.

The following courtyard er will take you into the ultrasonic technology center, to watch and experience the popular science experiment of ultrasound, close to feel how the magic of ultrasound.

1. Ultrasonic cleaning

Ultrasonic cleaning refers to the process of removing surface dirt from the sample in the liquid by using ultrasonic, such as removing oil stains or dust on the surface of glasses. Here, the ultrasonic wave is mainly used to generate strong sound effects such as micro-jet and shockwave when cavitation occurs in the liquid, so as to strip the dirt on the sample surface and achieve the purpose of cleaning, just like the high-pressure gun cleaning a car.

At present, ultrasonic cleaning has been a mature technology, in the laboratory, hospital and other occasions have been applied. Ultrasonic cleaning machine has also become one of the household appliances, used to clean glasses, jewelry and other daily items.

2. Phacoemulsification

Phacoemulsification refers to the process in which two (or more) solutions (such as oil and water) are difficult to mix uniformly to form a dispersion system under the action of ultrasonic energy, and one liquid is evenly distributed in the other liquid to form an emulsion.

The emulsion formed by phacoemulsification treatment has good uniformity and stability. Therefore, cosmetics such as the emulsion often used by women, dairy drugs in hospitals, and dairy foods can be prepared by using phacoemulsification. Didn't you expect that?

3. Ultrasonic atomization

In the north, the weather is relatively dry, so many families will use humidifiers. When plugged in, the humidifier begins to smoke. In fact, the "smoke" is not real smoke, but small droplets of fog. How does a humidifier turn large water droplets into small ones?

Take a look at the gifs above. Isn't that intuitive? At the bottom of the humidifier is an ultrasonic transmitter. The ultrasonic wave is like a rocket eruption. It breaks the water into many tiny water droplets, which burst out of the water and become the atomizing effect we see. Since it is not water that has been heated and evaporated, it feels cool. Atomizers in hospitals also use ultrasound to atomize.

4. Dynamic photoelastic (tan) imaging

We know that sound waves are invisible. But using dynamic photoelastic imaging, we can see the propagation path of sound waves in a transparent solid very intuitively.

Ultrasonic waves in solids have the ability to change the direction of light polarization, that is, the temporary birefringence effect. Some substances (such as glass, plastics, and epoxy resins) do not normally birefringence, but when they are internally stressed or subjected to an electric field, birefringence occurs. Generally speaking, it is difficult for natural light to pass through two mutually perpendicular polarizing plates. When the transparent test block with ultrasonic is placed between two mutually perpendicular polarizing plates, due to the temporary birefringence effect, part of the incident light can pass through and be captured by the imaging screen, thus showing the ultrasonic waveform. The ultrasonic track can be observed by adjusting the time delay of incident light and ultrasonic emission through the time delay synchronization device.

Compared with the analytical and numerical methods, the experimental results provided by the dynamic photoelastic imaging method are more accurate and close to the actual physical model, which can be used to verify the numerical simulation method.

5. "Industrial b-mode ultrasound"

Using ultrasound's ability to produce reflections and diffraction when exposed to uneven or discontinuous media, researchers have developed both medical b-ultrasound (such as taking the first picture of a fetus) and "industrial b-ultrasound."

Medical ultrasound

Ultrasonic diagnostic instruments can be divided into four categories: A, B, C and F, among which the most commonly used is B. The "B super" that says at ordinary times is to send ultrasonic wave to human body, accept the reflection wave of internal organs at the same time, will carry information to reflect on the screen.

Ultrasonic and common voice, can the directional transmission, part of the sound penetrating object, part of the sound is absorbed by the organization, part of the sound is reflected, ultrasound using the reflected signal is determined by detecting organization shape, its principle and the principle and dolphins echo-location in bats are similar, using the emission signal and the echo signal of time to determine the location of the organization. Especially at the tissue interface, ultrasound has a strong reflection, and these strong reflection signals are used to depict the appearance of the reconstructed tissue and organs. Because of the depth of penetration of different sound waves, wavelength length is not the same, the ultrasound used for a particular physical examination is generally determined in the 2MHz to 15MHz range. In clinical imaging, the ultrasound probe is directly in contact with the surface of the skin, and the probe and the skin are coated with the coupling mucus to facilitate the transmission of ultrasonic signals between the probe and the tissues and organs.

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing

The simplest conventional ultrasonic nondestructive testing equipment consists of three parts: ultrasonic transmitting and receiving module, ultrasonic transducer and oscilloscope.

First. The ultrasonic transmitting and receiving module generates an electrical pulse that enters the ultrasonic transducer and becomes ultrasonic. When the ultrasonic wave is propagating inside the workpiece under test, it will be reflected and received by the transducer when encountering defects. Finally, abnormal signals will be displayed on the oscilloscope interface. Therefore, by moving the transducer and observing the size and arrival time of the defect echo, we can determine the location of the defect and estimate the shape and size of the defect, so as to complete the non-destructive testing of the workpiece.

For example, before a car leaves the factory, it must go through a process of ultrasonic flaw detection of the gear. Only when the gear is in good condition can a "quality certificate" be affixed.

Conclusion

Ultrasonic technology center for the exploration of Marine resources and Marine equipment safety of major strategic needs, to carry out surveying and resource evaluation of deep drilling, Marine equipment nondestructive testing, acoustic detection and sensor technology and application of acoustic physics and sound energy technology innovation, the production of a series of major scientific and technological achievements, is deep drilling, sound energy application, medical acoustics, micro acoustic and calculate the acoustic field of scientific research, personnel training, open communication is important base. The future will continue to work hard, forge ahead.
(Edit:admin)